ACETONE RUSSIAN
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CAS number: 67-64-1
GHS hazard statements: H225, H319, H336
GHS precautionary statements: P210, P261, P305 351 338
Molecular formula: C3H6O
Molar mass: 58.08 g mol-1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Sharp, irritant, flower
Density: 0.791 g cm-3
Melting point: -95 to 93 ° C, 178-180 K, -139 to 136 ° C
Boiling point: 56-57 ° C, K 329-330, 133-134 ° C
Vapor pressure: 24,46-24,60 kPa (at 20 ° C)
Acidity (pKa): 24.2
Basisite (PCU): -10.2
Refractive index (nD): 1.35900
Viscosity: 0,3075 cP
Molecular Shape: C2 Dihedral
Dipole moment: 2.91 D
Specific heat capacity, C: 125.45 J K-1
Flash point: -17 ° C
Automatic ignition temperature: 465 ° C
Explosive limits:% 13,2-57,0
Threshold Limit Value: 1185 mg / m3 (TWA), 2375 mg / m3 (STEL)
General Information About Acetone
The chemical formula of C3H6O is aliphatic ketones, which is the simplest member of the class, and its general name is propanone or dimethyl ketone. It is very easy to ignite. Because of this property, acetone is widely used in the production of explosives and synthetic yarns. It is easy to recognize because of the smell. Acetone was first obtained from grain.
Production and Reactions
Calcium acetate can be obtained by heating without auxiliary agent.
(CH3COO) 2 ---> (CaCH3-CO-CH3) CaCO3
If pure acetic acid is passed over heated metallic oxides (A12O3), acetone decays to give Water and Carbon dioxide:
2 CH3COOH (MeO) ---> (CH3-CO-CH3) CO2 H2O
Acetone is obtained by removing hydrogen from isopropyl alcohol or oxidizing the isopropyl alcohol.
O2 is obtained by respiration with a type of bacteria in the starch-containing parts of the cereals. In the mixture obtained from this fermentation, one mole of ethyl alcohol per molar alcohol and six moles of butyl alcohol, three moles of acetone. Technically, it can be obtained by dehydrogenating isopropanol from copper catalysts at 250 ° C. Calcium acetate can be obtained by heating. It can be obtained by dry wood distillation. Ethanol and water vapor at 250 ° C in the gas phase Fe2O3 catalyzed mixture is obtained from the mixture. If acetone and sodium nitrozyl prussiat are mixed in the basic medium, red precipitation occurs, acetone is detected. An important reaction is the formation of iodoform by elemental iodine in the basic environment.
Usage areas
Medicine
Acetone is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as a solvent and as a neutralizer in methyl alcohol. Acetone also reacts as an adjuvant in most drugs.
food
In the food sector, it is used as a component in the packaging department and is used as additives in this sector.
Cosmetic
The most common use in this industry is the most common chemical for nail polish cleaning.
Chemistry
The most common and widespread use in the chemical industry is to clean glass laboratory materials and to provide high efficiency drying in a short time.
environment
The evaporation rate of acetone from water and soil is quite high. Acetone is an important underground contaminant due to its high solubility in water consumed by animals or sometimes microorganisms for soil. Acetone LD50 for fish is a highly harmful substance with a value of 8.3 g / L and a half-life. Oxygen depletion can pose a significant risk in systems with excessive microbial activity that consumes acetone